Market structure Analysis of small Metal Coordination Chemicals [small Metal Conference]

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At the 2021 small Metal Industry Summit hosted by (SMM) of Shanghai Nonferrous Network Information Technology Co., Ltd., Dr. Wang Anzhi across the non-ferrous metals group brought you the market structure analysis of small metal coordination chemicals.

Metal coordination compounds are a kind of compounds formed by complete or partial coordination bonds between the central atom and the molecules or ions around it (called ligands / ligands).

It contains complex molecules or ions formed by the combination of central atoms or ions with several ligand molecules or ions by coordination bonds, which are usually called coordination units. All compounds that contain coordination units are called coordination compounds. The branch of chemistry that studies complexes is called coordination chemistry.

Complexes are a large subcategory of compounds, which are widely used in daily life, industrial production and life sciences, especially in recent years. It is not only related to inorganic compounds and organometallic compounds, but also overlaps with cluster chemistry, coordination catalysis and molecular biology.

Discipline classification:

1 inorganic complexes. Both the central atom and the ligand are inorganic.

(2) organometallic complexes. A complex formed between metal and organic ligands.

3Bio-inorganic complexes. A complex formed by biological ligands with metals, such as metalloenzymes, chlorophyll, and vitamin B12.

Application of Metal complexes in Medicine

The effective chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine are not simple effective components or pure trace elements, but coordination compounds composed of organic components and trace elements.

Some metal ions with therapeutic effects can not be directly used in clinic because of their disadvantages such as high toxicity, strong irritation, difficult absorption and so on. However, if they are turned into coordination compounds, they can reduce toxicity and irritation and facilitate absorption, such as iron citrate complexes can treat iron deficiency anemia, tartar vomiting can not only treat diabetes, but also cobalt-containing chelates such as vitamin B12 can be used to treat schistosomiasis, bleomycin itself has no obvious tumorigenicity, and its activity is enhanced when combined with cobalt ions. The copper and iron complexes of doxorubicin are more easily absorbed by the small intestine and permeated into cells than doxorubicin. In terms of antibacterial activity, C'H'NO and copper and iron had no antibacterial activity respectively, but the complexes between them showed obvious antibacterial activity, and the sulfate of magnesium and manganese and the oxides of calcium and iron could greatly increase the antibacterial activity of tetracycline (chelating agent) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In terms of anti-rheumatic inflammation, antirheumatic drugs, such as aspirin and salicylic acid derivatives, can increase the efficacy when combined with copper. Iron complexes such as [Fe (3,4,7,8-tetramethylphenanthroline) 3] 3 + have antiviral activity.

The toxic metal ions of ligands as chelating drug antidotes in organisms are different from organic poisons because they cannot be transformed or decomposed into non-toxic substances by organs.

In recent years, cis-platinum-palladium complexes have anticancer effects, such as [Pt (NH3) 2Cl2] and [Pb (NH3) 2Cl2] release Cl- to attack the bases on DNA after entering cancer cells, so as to inhibit the replication of DNA and prevent the division of cancer cells. The second and third generation anticancer platinum complexes developed on this basis have less side effects and more effective.

Application of Metal complexes in Cosmetics

Germanium and its complexes

Organic germanium cosmetics emerged in Japan in the early 1980s. With the gradual deepening of research, the types of applications are also expanding, mainly amino acid germanium oxides.

Selenium and its complexes

The metabolism of selenium is related to the vitamin E needed by the human body, which prevents the effect of peroxides on the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the plasma membrane, greatly reduces the amount of vitamin E required, and maintains the integrity of the membrane.

Application of Metal complexes in Agriculture

Chelate fertilizer is a metal complex. A chelate is chemically called a complex, which is a ring structure formed by the connection of a macromolecular ligand with a central metal atom. Organic molecular compounds that can chelate with metal ions are called complexants, or ligands. Chelating agents can selectively capture certain metal ions in plant cells and release them appropriately when necessary. Because the chelating agent has the ability to "capture" (swallow or capture) and "spit" (vomit or release) to metal ions, it makes it easier and more reasonable for crops to absorb nutrients. Therefore, it plays the role of command in the plant body, balancing the nutrient supply among roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, so that plants can thrive. Therefore, the application of chelating agents in fertilizer production is another revolution in agricultural production.

Application of Metal complexes in the Field of New Materials

Organic semiconductors have diversity in synthesis, relatively low manufacturing cost and excellent optical and electrical properties. Organic light-emitting diodes ((oled)) have great potential in the application of optoelectronic devices such as flat panel displays and lighting.

In order to improve the light-emitting efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes, a variety of light-emitting material systems based on fluorescence and phosphorescence have been developed. organic light-emitting diodes using fluorescent materials have the characteristics of high reliability. however, its internal electroluminescent quantum efficiency is limited to 25% under electric field excitation, because the probability ratio of excitons to produce single and triple excited states is 1:3. Due to the introduction of heavy metals, the spin orbital coupling of molecules is improved, the phosphorescence lifetime is shortened, and the intersystem channeling of molecules is enhanced, so that phosphorescence can be emitted smoothly. Moreover, the reaction of these complexes is mild, which can easily change the complex structure and substituent groups, adjust the emission wavelength, and obtain electrophosphorescence materials with excellent properties. So far, the internal quantum efficiency of phosphorescence oled is close to 100%. However, most phosphorescent materials have low luminous efficiency, single structure and mononuclear structure, so new high-performance phosphorescence metal complexes need to be developed.